Ontologies are the intellectual foundation of VIStology's work. Over two decades we have designed, formalized, and applied ontologies across domains ranging from situation awareness and command and control to test & evaluation, cognitive radio, and electromagnetic spectrum management. The ontologies below represent significant contributions — each grounded in peer-reviewed publications and embedded in the products and prototypes we have delivered to government and commercial customers.

STO

Situation Theory Ontology

Situation Awareness

An OWL formalization of Barwise & Perry's Situation Theory, providing the formal primitives — situations, objects, relations, attributes, and roles — that underpin higher-level information fusion and situation-aware reasoning. STO enables systems to represent and reason about situations as first-class semantic entities, rather than simply collecting facts.

Related Publications

  • Comprehension of RDF Data Using Situation Theory and Concept Maps
    Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M. & Ulicny, B. · STIDS 2014
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  • Formalization of Situation Awareness
    Baclawski, K., Kokar, M.M., Letkowski, J., Matheus, C.J. & Malczewski, M. · OOPSLA Workshop on Behavioral Semantics, pp. 1–15
SAW

SAW Core — Situation Awareness Core Ontology

Situation Awareness

A domain-independent core ontology providing the reusable foundation for situation awareness applications. Introduced at FUSION'03 and extended across more than a decade of VIStology research, SAW Core is the backbone of the SAWA (Situation Awareness Assistant) system and has shaped how the information-fusion community formalizes situation awareness.

Related Publications

  • A Core Ontology for Situation Awareness
    Matheus, C.J., Kokar, M.M. & Baclawski, K. · FUSION'03, pp. 545–552
  • Ontology-Based Situation Awareness
    Kokar, M.M., Matheus, C.J. & Baclawski, K. · Information Fusion 10(1):83–98
  • Using SWRL and OWL to Capture Domain Knowledge for a Situation Awareness Application Applied to a Supply Logistics Scenario
    Matheus, C.J., Kokar, M.M., Baclawski, K. & Letkowski, J. · RuleML-2005
  • SAWA: An Assistant for Higher-Level Fusion and Situation Awareness
    Matheus, C.J., et al. · SPIE Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion
  • Lessons Learned From Developing SAWA: A Situation Awareness Assistant
    Matheus, C.J., et al. · FUSION'05
JC3

JC3IEDM Ontology

Command & Control

An OWL ontology automatically generated from NATO's Joint Consultation, Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM). By bringing this coalition C2 standard into the semantic web stack, the ontology enables formal reasoning, consistency checking, and interoperability across allied command and control systems.

Related Publications

  • On the Automatic Generation of an OWL Ontology Based on the Joint C3 Information Exchange Data Model
    Matheus, C.J. & Ulicny, B. · 12th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium
  • Representability of METT-TC Factors in JC3IEDM
    Ulicny, B., Matheus, C.J., Powell, G., Dionne, S. & Kokar, M.M. · 12th ICCRTS
MDL
TMATS

MDL & TMATS Ontology

Test & Evaluation

Ontologies capturing the Metadata Description Language (MDL) and Telemetry Attribute Transfer Standard (TMATS) used throughout flight test and telemetering. They enable semantic validation of T&E data, cross-vendor interoperability in iNET-based systems, and have served as the formal substrate for TACL — a proposed standard T&E constraint language.

Related Publications

  • Semantic Validation of T&E XML Data
    Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M. & Morgan, C. · International Telemetering Conference (ITC 2015)
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  • Introducing TACL – A Proposal for a New Standard T&E Constraint Language
    Moskal, J.J., et al. · International Telemetering Conference (ITC 2018)
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  • Current and Future Developments in Flight Test Configuration Techniques
    Whittington, J., et al. · ITC 2018
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  • Validation Protocol – The Missing Puzzle Piece
    Moskal, J.J., et al. · International Telemetering Conference (ITC 2019)
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  • Building Multi-Vendor T&E Systems in iNET
    Moskal, J.J., et al. · 23rd Test And Training Instrumentation Workshop
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CRO

Cognitive Radio Ontology

Cognitive Radio

An OWL ontology capturing the concepts, parameters, and behaviors of cognitive radios — the shared vocabulary that allows heterogeneous radios, policy engines, and reasoning components to describe capabilities and negotiate configurations. CRO was developed under the auspices of the Wireless Innovation Forum (formerly the SDR Forum) as a community standard, with VIStology serving as the driving force behind its design, formalization, and evolution from the original CRO into CRO2. It remains a central reference point for ontology-based approaches to cognitive radio and has been applied across a range of policy-driven adaptation and spectrum-sharing systems.

Related Publications

  • Updating CRO to CRO2
    Suresh, S., Kokar, M.M., Moskal, J.J. & Chen, Y. · Wireless Innovation Forum Conference
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  • Mapping Spectrum Consumption Models to Cognitive Radio Ontology for Automatic Inference
    Chen, Y., et al. · Wireless Innovation Forum Conference
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  • An Implementation of Collaborative Adaptation of Cognitive Radio Parameters Using an Ontology and Policy Based Approach
    Li, Y., Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M. & Brady, K. · Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 69(2–3):283–296
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DeV

DeVISor Ontology

Cognitive Radio / RF

An ontology for describing cognitive radio functions and RF-based microservices. DeVISor enables standardized semantic discovery and invocation of RF capabilities across heterogeneous platforms, supporting dynamic composition of radio services based on declared capabilities rather than hard-coded interfaces.

Related Publications

  • Using Standardized Semantic Technologies For Discovery And Invocation Of RF-Based Microservices
    Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M. & Hurez-Martin, P. · WInnComm 2018
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  • A Comparison of OWL and XML Based Approaches to Representing Cognitive Radio Functions
    Chen, Y., Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M. & Chowdhury, K. · Wireless Innovation Forum Conference
SpS

SpectralSPARQL Ontology

Spectrum / EMS

The ontological foundation for a proposed standard for exchanging Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) knowledge and interpreting spectrum access policies. SpectralSPARQL enables collaborative, dynamic spectrum sharing by making spectrum-access rules and observations machine-interpretable and queryable through semantic reasoning.

Related Publications

  • Towards a SpectralSPARQL Standard for Exchanging EMS Knowledge
    Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M., Roman, D., et al. · MILCOM 2017 (Restricted)
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  • Towards Collaborative and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing via Interpretation of Spectrum Access Policies
    Moskal, J.J., et al. · Applied Sciences 11(15):7056
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