Formal knowledge models developed through decades of research and commercial engagement
Ontologies are the intellectual foundation of VIStology's work. Over two decades we have designed, formalized, and applied ontologies across domains ranging from situation awareness and command and control to test & evaluation, cognitive radio, and electromagnetic spectrum management. The ontologies below represent significant contributions — each grounded in peer-reviewed publications and embedded in the products and prototypes we have delivered to government and commercial customers.
STO
Situation Theory Ontology
Situation Awareness
An OWL formalization of Barwise & Perry's Situation Theory, providing the formal primitives — situations, objects, relations, attributes, and roles — that underpin higher-level information fusion and situation-aware reasoning. STO enables systems to represent and reason about situations as first-class semantic entities, rather than simply collecting facts.
Related Publications
Comprehension of RDF Data Using Situation Theory and Concept Maps
Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M. & Ulicny, B. · STIDS 2014
Baclawski, K., Kokar, M.M., Letkowski, J., Matheus, C.J. & Malczewski, M. · OOPSLA Workshop on Behavioral Semantics, pp. 1–15
SAW
SAW Core — Situation Awareness Core Ontology
Situation Awareness
A domain-independent core ontology providing the reusable foundation for situation awareness applications. Introduced at FUSION'03 and extended across more than a decade of VIStology research, SAW Core is the backbone of the SAWA (Situation Awareness Assistant) system and has shaped how the information-fusion community formalizes situation awareness.
Related Publications
A Core Ontology for Situation Awareness
Matheus, C.J., Kokar, M.M. & Baclawski, K. · FUSION'03, pp. 545–552
Ontology-Based Situation Awareness
Kokar, M.M., Matheus, C.J. & Baclawski, K. · Information Fusion 10(1):83–98
Using SWRL and OWL to Capture Domain Knowledge for a Situation Awareness Application Applied to a Supply Logistics Scenario
Matheus, C.J., Kokar, M.M., Baclawski, K. & Letkowski, J. · RuleML-2005
SAWA: An Assistant for Higher-Level Fusion and Situation Awareness
Matheus, C.J., et al. · SPIE Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion
Lessons Learned From Developing SAWA: A Situation Awareness Assistant
Matheus, C.J., et al. · FUSION'05
JC3
JC3IEDM Ontology
Command & Control
An OWL ontology automatically generated from NATO's Joint Consultation, Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM). By bringing this coalition C2 standard into the semantic web stack, the ontology enables formal reasoning, consistency checking, and interoperability across allied command and control systems.
Related Publications
On the Automatic Generation of an OWL Ontology Based on the Joint C3 Information Exchange Data Model
Matheus, C.J. & Ulicny, B. · 12th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium
Ontologies capturing the Metadata Description Language (MDL) and Telemetry Attribute Transfer Standard (TMATS) used throughout flight test and telemetering. They enable semantic validation of T&E data, cross-vendor interoperability in iNET-based systems, and have served as the formal substrate for TACL — a proposed standard T&E constraint language.
Related Publications
Semantic Validation of T&E XML Data
Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M. & Morgan, C. · International Telemetering Conference (ITC 2015)
An OWL ontology capturing the concepts, parameters, and behaviors of cognitive radios — the shared vocabulary that allows heterogeneous radios, policy engines, and reasoning components to describe capabilities and negotiate configurations. CRO was developed under the auspices of the Wireless Innovation Forum (formerly the SDR Forum) as a community standard, with VIStology serving as the driving force behind its design, formalization, and evolution from the original CRO into CRO2. It remains a central reference point for ontology-based approaches to cognitive radio and has been applied across a range of policy-driven adaptation and spectrum-sharing systems.
Related Publications
Updating CRO to CRO2
Suresh, S., Kokar, M.M., Moskal, J.J. & Chen, Y. · Wireless Innovation Forum Conference
An ontology for describing cognitive radio functions and RF-based microservices. DeVISor enables standardized semantic discovery and invocation of RF capabilities across heterogeneous platforms, supporting dynamic composition of radio services based on declared capabilities rather than hard-coded interfaces.
Related Publications
Using Standardized Semantic Technologies For Discovery And Invocation Of RF-Based Microservices
Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M. & Hurez-Martin, P. · WInnComm 2018
A Comparison of OWL and XML Based Approaches to Representing Cognitive Radio Functions
Chen, Y., Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M. & Chowdhury, K. · Wireless Innovation Forum Conference
SpS
SpectralSPARQL Ontology
Spectrum / EMS
The ontological foundation for a proposed standard for exchanging Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) knowledge and interpreting spectrum access policies. SpectralSPARQL enables collaborative, dynamic spectrum sharing by making spectrum-access rules and observations machine-interpretable and queryable through semantic reasoning.
Related Publications
Towards a SpectralSPARQL Standard for Exchanging EMS Knowledge
Moskal, J.J., Kokar, M.M., Roman, D., et al. · MILCOM 2017 (Restricted)
Interested in applying formal knowledge models to your domain? We partner with government and commercial organizations to design and deploy ontologies for mission-critical systems.